Measurement performance

The results of the clinical validations and studies carried out on each variable, with the reference method each was compared against.

Each measured variable has been the subject of clinical validations and scientific studies, compared against an established reference method. The table below reports their results as published.

VariableSample sizeMeasuring rangeAccuracy targetPerformanceInclusive populationStudies and medical gradeGold standard
Heart rate (HR)116340–130 bpm≤ 3 bpm96 %Caucasian, north African, African (Europe), phototype I to VIControlled clinical trial — CE certified Class IIaECG, 3-lead
Respiratory rate (RR)11635–30 brpm≤ 3 brpm95 %Caucasian, north African, African (Europe), phototype I to VIControlled clinical trial — CE certified Class IIaPiezoelectric belt
Heart-rate variability (HRV, RMSSD)11635–200 ms≤ 20 ms91,5 %Caucasian, north African, African (Europe), phototype I to VIDatabase collected during our clinical investigation, retrospective cross-sectional studyECG, 3-lead
Stress level11631–5≤ 195,9 %Caucasian, north African, African (Europe), phototype I to VIDatabase collected during our clinical investigation, retrospective cross-sectional studyECG, 3-lead
High blood pressure risk1297Normotensive — medium — high hypertensiveDerived metric classification84 %Caucasian, north African, African (Europe), phototype I to VIDatabase collected during our clinical investigation, retrospective cross-sectional studyBlood pressure cuff monitor
Cardiovascular health score42401–100Derived metric classification76 %Caucasian, African, Hispanic (USA), phototype I to VIRetrospective cross-sectional studyMedical cohort
Visual age700020–70 apparent age in years≤ 10 years apparent age93,6 %Caucasian, north African, African (Europe), phototype I to VIRetrospective cross-sectional studyMean value of 10 expert estimations of apparent age
Body mass index estimated from the face (Face to BMI)7000020–33 kg/m²≤ 4 kg/m²84,2 %Caucasian, north African, African, Hispanic (USA & Europe), phototype I to VIRetrospective cross-sectional studyWeight (kg) and height (m)

How to read the table

Performance means agreement with the reference method, on the population of the study and inside the measuring range shown on the same row. It is not a promise attached to any one measurement. The accuracy target is the threshold the study set for itself, and the performance column is the share of measurements that reached it.

The measuring range says what was studied. A value outside the range on a row was not part of that study.

The population column says who took part. Phototype refers to the Fitzpatrick scale, which covers the range of skin tones. The geographic terms are those of the study groups.

For any single measurement, the conditions still decide the outcome: light, stillness, framing. Conditions for a good measurement sets them out.